The Freezman Cometh?

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Worries about having a white Christmas in Minneapolis and elsewhere have been quiet this year. Thus far, we have spent far more than our typical time shoveling some especially heavy wet snow this holiday season, but don't get me wrong, I'm not complaining.

I do have snow on my mind, however, because each time I think we might be done shoveling, we look out the window and there is more to tackle. So, with each trip outside over the last couple of days, I'm feeling less and less like the ambitious viking dude shown above. 

Who is he anyway?

Might the artwork be a promotion for the Minnesota Vikings and their foreshadowing of the Super Bowl spoils they hope to bring home during the 2009 football post season?

Might it be some action artwork featuring a well-known entertainer and educator known as Ragnar, a/k/a Joseph Juranitch?

(For a clever ESPN Sports Center commercial featuring Ragnar and Adrian Peterson, enjoy here).

Nope, the entire image is a non-verbal non-traditional federally-registered service mark, covering the "transportation of goods by ground transportation," and it apparently is owned by a gentleman named Eduardo Gonzalez, doing business as Freezman Transport, based in, of all places, La Jolla, California:

So, here's an interesting question to ponder over the holidays, can a non-verbal service mark be refused registration as primarily geographically deceptively misdescriptive? Here's the three part test: (1) The primary significance of the mark is a generally known geographic location; (2) the consuming public is likely to believe the place identified by the mark indicates the origin of the goods or services when, in fact, they do not come from that place; and (3) the misrepresentation was a material factor in the consumer's decision.

Know of any non-verbal marks that meet this test? If so, they are unregistrable even if acquired distinctiveness can be shown, since no secondary meaning or Section 2(f) evidence will save such a barred mark under Section 2(e)(3) of the Lanham Act.

A while back, John Welch over at the TTABlog discussed some interesting applications of the test for primarily geographically deceptively misdescriptive marks (albeit with some verbal mark examples), here and here.

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The Merger of Two Great Cities

File:Minneapolis seal.gif   File:StPaulSeal.png

An open call for change. Change where it counts, in brands.

Don't read this if you have a closed mind and can't imagine a different future beyond tomorrow. You know who you are, this will make you cringe and we don't need that on our conscience.

For the remaining, take a minute to consider that a city government and a business are fairly similar. They have income, expenses and they provide services to a specific audience. They employ people and should be governed by the same natural economics that exist for all organizations (for profit, government or not-for-profit).

Now consider the Twin Cities (Minneapolis and St. Paul) as two similar organizations. They have a fair amount of duplication, providing similar services, having similar roles, similar physical proximity, similar missions, etc. Yet, to this day they are separate operating organizations.

Yes. The suggestion here is a merger of cities and a merger of brands. Minneapolis and St. Paul.

  Thumbnail for version as of 18:22, 21 November 2008 

If you need examples, look to Budapest (Buda and Pest) and New York merging with Brooklyn. If you're wondering why there are no other modern examples, welcome to my world of wonderment.

Now, before your head starts to move back and forth, this doesn't mean we eliminate half the jobs. Though if you've been through a merger, there are efficiencies to be found in duplicate roles. It does mean someone has to figure out the brand strategy behind two merged brands. You could treat it like the two are still separate, but run them from one back office, creating the efficiencies of one government while still having two cities. Look to Byerly's and Lunds as a great example of how this could be accomplished. Or merge them in under an existing brand name (Twin Cities) would also be a good option. The last two options would be a new name entirely, which would be an interesting challenge if we involved voters in the naming decision. Lastly some smerging of the two names (Minnstpauleapolis) which would certainly not be our suggestion.

Whatever the strategy, the savings would be tremendous. This isn't savings to the organization, but rather savings to each citizen of these two great cities. If they were two businesses a merger would have occurred long ago.

 —Aaron Keller, Capsule

Lion's Tap Reaches "Mutually Beneficial" Settlement with McDonalds

A couple of hours ago Kare 11 News in Minneapolis reported "Lions Tap wins settlement with McDonalds."

Absolutely no details about the settlement were provided, so it's hard to understand how Kare 11 is able to pronounce this as a "win" for Lion's Tap over McDonalds, although it certainly plays into the seductive David and Goliath theme of the case. The attorney for Lion's Tap apparently is quoted as saying the parties reached a "mutually beneficial amicable resolution," and Kare 11 further reports that McDonalds did not "immediately return a phone message seeking a comment" today.

Perhaps even more troubling than the unsupported "win" characterization, is the repeated failure of the traditional media covering this story to get the facts straight -- facts easily discernible by reading the federal court complaint that is so often recited in the stories, but apparently very few actually have undertaken to read it. In case you're interested, here is another link to the actual complaint.

As we have documented before on DuetsBlog, Lion's Tap did not register the "Who's Your Patty" slogan until after McDonalds began use and only days before filing suit against McDonalds, and it did not register -- even in Minnesota -- four years ago, as repeatedly and incorrectly reported ad nauseam by the media.

In fairness, although local CBS affiliate WCCO also republished the significant error on the timing of Lion's Tap's Minnesota registration of the "Who's Your Patty" slogan, at least it didn't assume the settlement to be a "win" for the Tap: "Lion's Tap Settles With McD's Over Catchphrase."

Our coverage of this case is here (9/3/09), here (9/8/09), here (9/21/09), and here (10/17/09).

In case we have not heard the last word on this case, stay tuned, and we'll let you know more as we know more about this Lion's Tap "win" and "mutually beneficial" resolution.

UPDATE: Is the Star Tribune reading DuetsBlog? It appears so. A Google search shows the Star Tribune's original story title on the settlement was: "Lion's Tap wins trademark suit against McDonald's," but now the story is titled: "Lion's Tap settles trademark suit against McDonald's," with no mention of the Minnesota State registration.

Now we just need to get USAToday, NPR, Newstin, Daylife, and NewsSpider, on the bandwagon.

Update: Who's Your Patty? Lawsuit and Reverse Confusion

The Minneapolis Star Tribune finally reported on the Who's Your Patty? trademark infringement lawsuit filed in August by self-proclaimed "David" (Lion's Tap) against "Goliath" (McDonald's), here. Our previous coverage is here, here, and here.

The Star Tribune reports that McDonald's has not yet answered the complaint filed by Lion's Tap. That's true, but all that means is that Lion's Tap filed, but has not yet formally served the complaint on McDonald's. Had the complaint been formally served on McDonald's, as the rules require before an obligation to answer arises, then McDonald's would have twenty days in which to respond. So, the parties continue to negotiate for an amicable settlement. 

No doubt, "David" would prefer not to have to formally serve the complaint because that is when the federal court's machinery starts to turn and more significant money begins to be spent in pursuing the case. Of course, Lion's Tap will need to formally serve the complaint on McDonald's within 120 days of filing the complaint or risk the suit being dismissed, so, just before year end. We previously have discussed the strategy of filing, but not immediately serving federal court complaints, here.

The Star Tribune story also reports: "The Lion's Tap says it has been using the phrase for at least four years and has had it trademarked in Minnesota. It also has a federal trademark application submitted." The use of past tense "had" appears to repeat the same incorrect fact that most of the media ran with when the story originally broke, namely, that Lion's Tap had registered Who's Your Patty? as a trademark slogan before McDonald's began use of the same slogan, implying McDonald's knowingly "stole" something of Lion's Tap.

As you may recall, we already pointed out how nearly all the media outlets got this critical fact wrong, as Lion's Tap did not register until ten days before it filed suit against McDonald's, and well after McDonald's posted billboards bearing the slogan. All the Hamburglar references don't stick to McDonald's if it knew nothing about Lion's Tap's discrete prior use of the Who's Your Patty? slogan, an entirely plausible scenario, as we have already discussed, here.

Most interesting, at least to me, are the scores of reader comments to the Star Tribune story, here.

For the time being, they reveal that, for just about every enthusiastic Lion's Tap fan who loves to support the small fry and is cheering on "David" there is a pretty harsh critic of Lion's Tap, some even taking pot shots at the quality of its food. Indeed, it appears a substantial number would endorse Jason Voiovich's caution: "Here's the problem, instead of coming off as the victim (which you could argue Lion's Tap is), they come off as another coffee-in-the-crotch, show-me-the-money, lawsuit-happy opportunist." So, you might say that PR can cut both ways.

The comments also understandably reveal more confusion between Lion's Tap and Lyon's Pub than between David's and Goliath's respective uses of Who's Your Patty?

Also, I learned from the comments about another reportedly great burger joint that appears to be worth the extra drive: Hopper's Bar in Waconia. I'll make sure to let you know how that goes. So, beware, PR efforts can unintentionally inform even loyal patrons of competitive alternatives too!

More on the legal claims, after the jump, in case you're interested.

The touchstone of any trademark infringement case is "likelihood of confusion," and a typical case contemplates "forward confusion." Under a "forward confusion" theory, Lion's Tap (as the first user a/k/a senior user) would need to establish that customers mistakenly think that McDonald's Angus Third Pounders come from Lion's Tap or are at least connected with Lion's Tap. Let's just say that there are some in the public commenting on the case who appear more than a bit skeptical of any consumer confusion claims. There are comments to the Star Tribune article voicing the same skepticism.

A much less typical trademark infringement case contemplates "reverse confusion." Under a "reverse confusion" theory, Lion's Tap would need to establish that customers mistakenly think that Lion's Tap burgers come from McDonald's, or are somehow connected with McDonald's, and perhaps that customers mistakenly think Lion's Tap has infringed on McDonald's "Who's Your Patty" slogan. Small fry trademark owners often like the "reverse confusion" theory because it has yielded very large multi-million dollar monetary awards.

Tiffany previously discussed reverse confusion cases, here.

So, is Lion's Tap case a "forward confusion" trademark case or one based on a "reverse confusion" theory? Seems to me it is more positioned like a less typical "reverse confusion" case, but at present, the language in the complaint probably is broad enough to encompass both theories, at least for the time being.

Assuming Lion's Tap follows the reverse confusion path, one of the critical elements of a "reverse confusion" case is a knowing junior user. As such, for Lion's Tap to succeed on a "reverse confusion" theory it will need to show that McDonald's had actual knowledge of Lion's Tap's prior use of the "Who's Your Patty?" slogan. It will be interesting to see what the facts end up showing on this critical point.

Green Men - Viral Marketing Stunt or Just Funny Outfits?

Earlier this week, while walking through the sky-way in downtown Minneapolis, I saw three people dressed in neon green bodysuits from head to toe. The green men were just milling around with people in line to catch a bus during the evening rush hour. I automatically thought it was a viral marketing stunt (see guest blogger Allison Checco’s post on viral marketing here), and a good one, given the attention-grabbing nature.  I asked just about everyone I saw for the next two days what it was all about, but no one knew.  A brief Internet search revealed a movement to randomly place a “Green Man” in public. There are a few websites selling the bodysuits and a blog that serves as “a venue to give news to fans and a connection seeking Green Man costumes” where people can post pictures and videos of green man sightings and stories.  There is even a map tracking Green Man sighting around the world. Thus, there appear to be green men all over the world who are not promoting anything other than fun.   Even though it was not the case, this was a lesson in how powerful viral marketing can be. 

If anyone saw the trio of green men in Minneapolis on Tuesday or has more details, please let me know.   

Viral Marketing: Building the Lore

So what is viral marketing? The simple answer is: a marketing strategy that encourages people to pass along a marketing message. Some will argue it’s a fancy word for word-of-mouth marketing. Others insist it has to take place online—through blogs, Twitter and such. But no matter how you define it, the beauty of a well thought out and executed viral marketing campaign can help make a mountain out of a molehill. Or a beloved local icon out of a fiberglass sculpture—as was the case when the Lake Creature arrived in Minneapolis.

When the Lake Creature appeared in the waters of Lake Harriet, we knew it would cause a ripple among folks in the area. But it was the strategic viral marketing campaign that turned it from a ripple to a tidal wave among greater Minneapolis residents and area visitors.   As visitors to Lake Harriet took in the creature’s beauty, their imaginations ran wild: Who brought it here? And what it was doing in the community? For the first week, the only clue was a sign at the lake with the address to a non-branded micro site where, upon logging in, residents could continue the fun by helping build the mystical creature’s lore.

That same week, the chatter on Twitter proved people were taking their conversations about the creature from the shoreline to online. “There’s a creature in Minneapolis,” they said. “Lake Harriet has its very own Nessy.” Some passed along the microsite address, others just speculated as to what the creature was doing in the Cities and why. Within minutes of posting their tweets, the powerful influencers would receive a message from the Lake Creature inviting them to follow her on Twitter and help direct people to the microsite to submit photos and stories. 

So when the Minneapolis Parks Foundation stepped forward in mid-July to announce it was behind the project and hoped the creature’s presence would help enhance the lives of residents and bring awareness to Minneapolis’ beautiful parks, most would say “mission accomplished.” In the first week alone the Lake Creature gained more than 150 followers on Twitter; nearly 7,000 people visited her site and the effort generated more than 3 million media impressions. She even has her own Facebook fan page. Some would say that’s a viral marketing fairy tale—and we won’t disagree.

Allison Checco, Fast Horse

Battle of the Nerds? Best Buy's Geek Squad® on Trademark Patrol

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Best Buy, owner of the Geek Squad brand since 2002, has filed a federal trademark infringement complaint in Minnesota against a pair of individual defendants apparently located in Missouri and California, for allegedly registering and using <thegeekpatrol.biz> domain and the names "Geek Patrol," "Geek Squad," and "Geek Squad Patrol". Here is a copy of the Complaint, including Exhibit A (Trademark registrations), Exhibit B (DomainTools.com print out), Exhibit C (Tollfreeda.com print out), and Exhibit D (Superpages.com print out).

For those of you interested in great entrepreneurial stories, Robert Stephens founded Geek Squad while a student at the University of Minnesota, riding his bicycle around Minneapolis to make computer house calls. The stylish collection of branded Beetles permitted Stephens to cover much more ground when making house calls or office calls. I actually had the pleasure of meeting Robert Stephens and toured his humble first office located above Moose & Sadie's cafe and coffeehouse blocks from downtown Minneapolis. He gave me and my wife what are now vintage Geek Squad t-shirts, obviously we should have had them autographed at the time!

My early and initial observations of the Geek Squad trademark Complaint are below the jump.

First, one question worth asking is whether it is reasonable for these individual defendants to anticipate being sued in Minnesota for alleged computer repair activities outside of Minnesota. It is not clear to me from the Complaint whether either defendant actually operated or conducted business in Minnesota. Will there be an effort to dismiss the case by challenging personal jurisdiction? Basically, this is a popular legal argument and defense that the courts in Minnesota don't have the authority to hear a case involving the defendants because they don't have the necessary "minimum contacts" with Minnesota for the case to go forward there. 

Second, it is worth noting that Best Buy selectively asserted two Geek Squad service mark registrations (U.S. Reg. Nos. 1,943,643 and 2,744,658) -- those that are over five years old and also have achieved incontestable status. Given that the term "geek" has a recognized slang meaning with respect to the field of computers ("a computer expert or enthusiast (a term of pride as self-reference, but often considered offensive when used by outsiders."), it is curious that the Trademark Office has not employed this definition in requiring a disclaimer of the descriptive term "geek" in connection with computer repair services. By selectively pleading only incontestable registrations, Best Buy is able to foreclose a legal defense on the ground that the registered mark is not distinctive and merely descriptive, relying on the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in PARK'N FLY, INC. v. DOLLAR PARK AND FLY, INC., 469 U.S. 189 (1985).

Third, given that the recognized meaning of "geek" has direct application to the services provided under the Geek Squad mark, one has to assume that the scope of rights or the strength of the Geek Squad mark will be put at issue (see my previous post concerning trademark strength here), if this case actually is defended. As you might imagine, given the dictionary meaning, there are more than a few other "geeks" out there already providing or planning to provide the same or similar services and goods, all or nearly all post-dating the 1994 first use date for Best Buy's Geek Squad mark. For example: here (Geek I.T. Just Geek It), here (Geek), here (Geek by Phone), here (Cheap Geek), here (Geek Choice), here (GeekSugar), here (GeekBucks), here (Geek in Pink), here (A+ Computer Geek), here (Geek 911), here (Free Geek), here (Geek.com), here (TechnoGeek), here (GeekTeks), here (GeekSurance), here (Seek a Geek), here (GeekDesk), here (GeekOfficecalls), here (Geek City), here (Beep-a-Geek), here (Ask the Geek), here (VipGeek), here (Geek on the Run), here (When a Tech Isn't Enough, Call a Geek!), here (Not Just Any Geek), here (Geeks! GetYourGeek.com), here (Dial a Geek), here (GeekFleet), here (Speak With a Geek), here (Geek Rescue), here (How-To Geek), here (Geek for Hire), here (Geek Ghost), here (Geek Call!), here (Geek in a Box), here (Don't Hire a Geek, Hire a Pro!), here (1-800-905-GEEK), here (GeekWerkz), here (Call a Tech Not a Geek), here (Click-A-Geek), here (ElectroGeek), here (1 800 GEEK HELP), here (Geek National), here (Where No Geek Has Gone Before), here (The Geek Goddess), here (Don't Call a Geek When You Can Call an Expert), here (Geekabytes), here (GeekOnline), here (Geek-Client Privilege), here (Why Call A Geek When You Can Call A Friend), here (GeekForce.Biz), here (Geek Boutique), here (Rent-A-Geek), here (Phone A Geek), here (The Geek Patrol), here (Geek Housecalls), here (Beep-A-Geek), and here (1 800 Be A Geek).

Seems safe to say, at this point in time, that the field of "geek" marks concerning computer products and services is more than a bit crowded, which would typically lead to a conclusion of diminished or narrower trademark strength (see my previous post on Twitter and Trademark Enforcement and Protection):

"A trademark owner's failure to take action against the unauthorized use of its trademark by third persons can result in an abandonment of the mark, but only if the unauthorized use is so widespread that the designation loses its significance as an indication of source or sponsorship. More typically, the fact of third-party use is relevant only to the 'strength' of the mark, and hence to its appropriate scope of protection." Restatement of the Law (Third) Unfair Competition 313 (1995).

It's not as though Best Buy has failed to take any steps to enforce the Geek Squad trademark, for example, it sued Geek Housecalls in 2004, and it opposed registration of Geek HousecallsSpeak With A Geek, and Geek Rescue, but those marks ended up becoming registered despite the oppositions. It also filed extensions of time to oppose 1-800 905 GEEK, Geek Choice, and Beep-A-Geek Computer Services, but it never actually filed oppositions, and those marks are also now federally registered by other parties. With respect to more successful efforts, Best Buy opposed registration of the mark The Geek Patrol, Rent a Geek, and the slogan "Comtech We Beat The Geeks," and each of those applications has been abandoned. Moreover, in 2007 Best Buy obtained a Consent Judgment against Geek Brigade, located in Missouri. However, all this just makes one wonder how Best Buy determines exactly which "geeks" to patrol?

Judging from Paragraph 3 of the Prayer for Relief in the present Complaint against Geek Patrol, Best Buy is asking the Court to enjoin any uses of "Geek" by the defendants: "[U]sing . . . materials . . . bearing the words 'Geek,' 'Geek Squad,' 'Geek Patrol,' 'Geek Squad Patrol,' and any other mark, word, or name confusingly similar to . . . GEEK SQUAD . . . ." Given the defined meaning of the term "geek" and the rather prolific landscape of third parties, the requested prohibition on "Geek" appears to overreach. Perhaps this lawsuit will provide Best Buy with an opportunity to clarify its trademark protection strategy and articulate a more appropriate scope of protection for the Geek Squad mark.

Last, a boilerplate phrase in Paragraph 7 of the Complaint against Geek Patrol caught my attention, since it is not needed in order to prevail, and it only appears to provide the defendants with an opportunity to probe some rather unfavorable press Best Buy has received for lawsuits involving alleged improper conduct of certain Geek Squad Agents: "Best Buy . . . through continuous and uninterrupted use of the GEEK SQUAD Marks, has earned a reputation for knowledgeable, courteous, and outstanding customer service, as well as quality products. This reputation, goodwill and name recognition have been derived in part, from its commitment to service, satisfaction, and quality." (emphasis added)

Only time will tell whether this case will play out to be a real "Battle of the Nerds" or leave all of us trademark dorks to watch VHS reruns of "Revenge of the Nerds" instead.

Rapala's "More Hits Than Google" Billboard Update (Photo Included)

Finally, here is a photo of Rapala's "More Hits Than Google" billboard ad discussed previously in my Monday post entitled: "Rapala Fishing Lures: More Hits Than Google? Or, More Cats Than You Can Shake a Stick At? " Sorry for the delay folks.

Anyone notice the exceedingly small print located in the lower right corner of the billboard ad?

OK, leaving your microscopes at the lab, three guesses what it reads:

  1. How about, "If you're close enough to read these words, then you must be part of the work crew installing this sign, so please be sure to secure the corners to prevent the wind from turning the sign into a sailboat?" Cute, nope.

  2. What about "Wow, you climbed all the way up the ladder just to read this microscopic print, you're so dedicated, or perhaps just a lawyer obsessed with very fine print?" Yes, but no.

  3. Does it say, "Just say 'no' to Graffiti, or pay $500 fine?" Good idea, but again, no.

Drum roll, please, it reads: "Google™ is a registered trademark of Google Inc."

How do I know what it reads? Actually, it was an adventure. This sign is positioned to be visible to drivers and passengers heading West on Interstate 394 leaving Minneapolis, so I exited the Interstate and pulled on to the frontage road running parallel to the Interstate, then I parked in a business parking lot nearest the sign, then I got out of my car and walked toward the sign until I was probably 40 feet away to read it, and I was probably more than a couple hundred feet from the edge of the Interstate at that point. In case you're wondering, I still have 20/20 vision with the help of my glasses, and yes, I was wearing them.

Perhaps the print is so small because it only says what everyone already knows: Google owns the Google trademark. But, if Rapala knows that Google is a federally registered trademark, why use the ™ instead of the registration symbol: ®?

Also, anyone notice the small ™ superscript on the shoulder of the "e" in the "More hits than Google™" tagline or slogan? Is that there to indicate Rapala knows that Google is a trademark, to those who don't take the time to climb the billboard ladder? Or is it there to indicate that Rapala is claiming trademark rights in the slogan or tagline: More hits than Google.™? Does Rapala really think it can own a slogan or tagline that contains the famous Google® mark, perhaps to prevent Louisville Slugger or Country Music legend George Strait from adopting the very same tagline or slogan to tout the "hits" each has achieved with their own products and services?

If the small print is intended as a legal disclaimer, to help avoid liability, good luck. First of all, some courts have held that disclaimers often create more confusion than they are intended to lessen. Second, I can't imagine any court giving credence to a "disclaimer" that is not even legible. Third, the fact that the "disclaimer" doesn't say, "Used with Permission" or "Used Under License," seems to confirm that this use is not authorized by Google. If so and to be somewhat effective, shouldn't the disclaimer say that no permission to use is required because Rapala believes it constitutes fair use?

I'm simply fascinated by the fair use analysis that I assume Rapala considered before running this ad. So, more later on the "fair use" possibilities, stay tuned.