Seth Godin on Trademark?

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Seth Godin has an amazing knack for creating and spreading ideas that matter, mostly really good ones, by the way. I always look forward to his daily riffs and I have been known to spread some of his important ideas too when they overlap with things I happen to care a lot about.

When it comes to Mr. Godin's trademark advice, however, I'm not feeling it, sorry (that wasn't an apology either). Some of it is, well, lacking an indispensable quality. Even when it is accompanied by this witty disclaimer: "I'm not a lawyer. I don't even play one on TV. If you rely on my legal advice, you're getting exactly what you paid for."

The problem is, sometimes you end up getting much less than you anticipated and actually end up much worse off, when you follow down even a "free" path based on misunderstandings and misconceptions, at least as they relate to one's legal rights.

I'll never forget one evening watching Geraldo Live during the O.J. trial, more than fifteen years ago, as a young trademark lawyer. There was quite a stir about some trademark applications Mr. Simpson had filed for O.J. Simpson, Juice, and O.J., around the time of O.J. Simpson being charged with the murder of Nicole Simpson. I recall one of Simpson's defense lawyers, the brilliant constitutional lawyer Alan Dershowitz, rebuffing criticism about the trademark filings, unwittingly contending that Simpson never intended to use or benefit from those applications, he simply filed them to make sure no one else could. My jaw dropped when I heard this, because it provided a legal basis to immediately invalidate each one of the applications. In addition, had anyone followed this defensive "legal advice," their trademark filings would have been wasted money and considered invalid and void ab initio, since U.S. trademark law requires that an applicant must have a bona fide intention to use the mark on each and every good and service listed in the application.

Back to Godin on Trademark*, and even more recently, a couple of months ago Seth Godin wrote about how to protect your ideas in the digital age:

One way is to misuse trademark law. With the help of search engines, greedy lawyers who charge by the letter are busy sending claim letters to anyone who even comes close to using a word or phrase they believe their client 'owns'. News flash: trademark law is designed to make it clear who makes a good or a service. It's a mark we put on something we create to indicate the source of the thing, not the inventor of a word or even a symbol.

While there are certainly some greedy trademark lawyers in the world, and some that overreach on behalf of their client brand owners, even honorable and ethical trademark attorneys worth their hourly rate know that federal protection against dilution for truly famous marks was added to U.S. trademark law about fifteen years ago. At least for marks satisfying the difficult fame standard, these kinds of trademarks come darn close to owning the brand name in gross, that is, in connection with any goods or services.

For the garden variety and non-famous trademark, the scope of rights is defined by whether or not there is a Likelihood of Confusion.

With respect to what trademark law was designed for, and while I don't consider this to be a news flash any longer, well prior to dilution protection being added, U.S. trademark law was amended to make clear that much more than confusion as to source is covered. All the way back in 1962 the Lanham Trademark Act was amended by striking language requiring confusion, mistake or deception of "purchasers as to the source of origin of such goods and services." Moreover, a much broader scope of confusion protection was codified in 1989 in Lanham Act Section 43(a), which protects against trademark likelihood of confusion not only as to source, but as to affiliation, connection, sponsorship, association, and/or approval. This additional scope of trademark protection makes perfect sense given the current commercial realities of trademark licensing, franchises, co-branding, affiliate marketing, and OEM relationships.

I'm not saying Seth Godin's opinions about trademarks are Out of Bounds, I'm simply saying some of them are out of date.

With a little luck, and assuming I can get in enough time in front of my Stuart Smalley mirror between now and next week, I'll explore another misconception or misgiving it appears Mr. Godin has about the registration of trademarks:

Some lawyers will get all excited and encourage (demand!) that you register your trademark. This involves paying a bunch of money, filing a bunch of forms and earning an ® after your name instead of the ™. While the ® does give you some benefits by the time you get to court, it doesn't actually increase the value of your trademark. And you can wait. So, when you come up with a great name, just ™ it.

So, stay tuned.

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Does Your Eye Spy A Canary?

A couple of weeks ago I posted an Accountemps billboard advertisement that prominently features what appears to be a 3M Post-it brand removable adhesive note, and I asked whether it constitutes fair use, and whether 3M's permission is necessary to run the advertisement, since 3M owns a federal trademark registration for the color "canary yellow" in connection with these notes.

As the comments to that post reveal, some recognize the billboard image as a 3M Post-it note, and believe permission should be required to run the ad, others were unaware that 3M has a trademark on the color canary yellow, others believe that yellow adhesive notes are generic, and several apparently believe that even if the billboard depicts a 3M canary yellow Post-it note, no permission should be required. In fact, several pointed out that yellow adhesive notes can be obtained from a variety of sources, raising the question of how close those shades of yellow are to 3M's trademarked canary yellow?

So, just for you, I collected six different pads of yellow-colored adhesive notes and fixed them to a dark green background for a little follow-up quiz. Can you identify any "canary yellow" and name the sources of the six different yellow adhesive notes shown below (answers below the jump)?

(A) Unknown (unmarked yellow-colored removable adhesive note);

(B) 3M's Post-it brand "Pop-up Notes" (packaging states: The color "Canary Yellow" is a trademark of 3M);

(C) Target's Work.org brand "self-stick removable notes" (no reference to color or trademark);

(D) 3M's Post-it brand "Recycled Notes" (packaging makes no reference to canary yellow color or trademarks);

(E) Highland brand "Self-Stick Removable Notes" (packaging refers to Highland as being a trademark of "Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing" -- no reference to 3M, and no reference to "canary yellow" or color trademarks); and

(F) Office Max's "Self-stick Pop-up Notes" (no reference to color or trademark).

All of this raises a few more questions worth asking:

(1) Since (B) and (D) appear to both be 3M's Canary Yellow, why doesn't 3M mention the trademarked color on packaging for its Recycled Notes? Are the Recylced Notes not Canary Yellow?

(2) Since (A), (C), and (F) closely resemble the yellow shade of 3M's Highland brand (E), does that mean 3M views the Highland color and these others to fall outside the legal scope of protection for the Canary Yellow trademark?

(3) Where should a court draw the line in comparing color shades for purposes of determining likelihood of confusion? How should this be measured, by wavelength, colorimeter device, Pantone matching system? Doesn't a note's clear cellophane wrapper affect one's visual perception of color? What about in-store lighting differences, won't they affect one's visual perception too? How about when outside on billboard advertising, could infringement depend on the daily weather? Sunny days infringing, cloudy days non-infringing? Lastly, what about on-line uses of color? I found that I perceived the above collage of six different color squares differently depending on which computer and monitor I viewed them from.

Has any of this changed your view one way or the other about whether Accountemps needs 3M's permission to run the billboard ad?

How Hot Will This Saucy Trademark Chip Fight Be? Blazin' Hot? Now, That's Hot!

There is no question that attempting to own "hot" or versions of "hot" appears to have great value and importance in the marketing world. So, how many original, unique, and memorable ways are there to communicate spicy "hot" anyway?

As to memorable, perhaps painfully memorable, Paris Hilton apparently sells designer clothes under her "That's Hot" brand, and judging from her pending federal trademark filings, she still has an intention of expanding her "That's Hot" brand to cell phones and alcoholic beverages, among other items, but apparently not buffalo chicken wing sauce or potato chips, thankfully.

Otherwise, it really might distract from a recent pair of trademark food fights in Minneapolis, both involving chips claiming to be "hot" too. You may recall the "Red Hot" Chip Fight between Barrel O'Fun and Old Vienna discussed here, that was quickly bagged here.

So, here are the current contenders in the most recent "Blazin' Hot" trademark food fight:

   Vs.   buffalowings

A copy of the Buffalo Wild Wings trademark infringement complaint against P&G and Pringles is here.

The most interesting aspect of the complaint, from a trademark strategy perspective, is the fact that Buffalo Wild Wings did not bring a claim for infringement of a federally-registered trademark (Section 32 of the Lanham Act). Instead, it only relies on Section 43 of the Lanham Act (designed to protect unregistered trademarks) and a pair of Minnesota state law causes of action, even though it refers to owning some federal trademark and service mark registrations for and containing the term BLAZIN'. Perhaps Buffalo Wild Wings is attempting to insulate them from attack or challenge by P&G, since none is five years old yet or incontestable. Stay tuned to learn whether P&G turns up the heat on this dispute and counterclaims for cancellation anyway.

Now, as to the "original and unique" point raised above, it is worth asking, who else appears to have a stake in "Blazin" hot trademarks for food products? Uh, let's just say, more than a few . . . .

Sara Lee owns a federal registration for BLAZIN' HOT covering processed meats and meat snacks, and sandwiches, namely sausage biscuits;

Frito-Lay owns a federal registration for BLAZIN' BUFFALO & RANCH covering tortilla chips;

Pilgrim's Pride owns a federal registration for BLAZIN' WINGS covering chicken wings;

Jardine's owns a federal registration for BLAZIN' SADDLE covering hot (spicy) salsa;

International Market Brands owns a federal registration for BLAZIN RED covering red hot sauces;

Meijer owns a federal registration for MEIJER BLAZIN' BBQ SAUCE covering barbecue sauce;

Hot Stuff Foods owns a federal registration for BLAZIN' covering dry spice mix;

Jarden owns a federal registration for BLAZIN' ONION covering a seasoning kit;

Oasis Foods owns a federal registration for GRILL BLAZIN' covering barbecue sauce; and

Branding Iron Foods owns a federal registration for E.Z. EARL'S BLAZIN-HOT covering hot sauce.

So, how is it that in the prayer for relief in the complaint, Buffalo Wild Wings asks the court to enjoin P&G "from using the term BLAZIN' with the words 'buffalo,' 'wing,' or 'sauce'?

OK, I'm not THINKIN' ARBY'S, but I AM THINKIN' the scope of claimed rights in BLAZIN' is going to be an issue in this case.